The Governor – Quick Glance with Latest Supreme Court Ruling

The Governor

THE GOVERNOR

I. Basic Info

Articles: 153 to 167 (Part VI)
Head of State: Constitutional/Nominal head
Agent of Centre
First Woman Governor: Sarojini Naidu (UP, 1947–49)

II. Appointment & Tenure

Appointed by: President (Central Nominee)
Not elected (directly or indirectly)
Model: Canadian (from GOI Act 1935)
7th Amendment: One person – multiple states
Resignation: To President
Term: 5 years (no fixed security)
Holds office till successor arrives

III. Qualifications

Indian Citizen
35+ years
Convention: Outsider + CM consulted (not always followed)

IV. Oath & Office

Oath by: Chief Justice of HC (or senior-most judge)
No MP/MLA/Other Office of Profit

V. Privileges & Immunity

Salary decided by Parliament (not reduced)
No criminal case/arrest
2-month civil case notice (personal act)
Full immunity for official acts

VI. Executive Powers

All exec. actions in his name
Rules for business/authentication
Seeks info from CM
Can recommend President’s Rule
Chancellor of State Universities
Appoints: CM, Ministers, AG, SEC, SPSC Members, VCs, Tribal Minister (for 4 states)

VII. Legislative Powers

Part of State Legislature
Summon, Prorogue, Dissolve Assembly
Address 1st Session
Nominates: 1 Anglo-Indian (pre-2020), 1/6 MLCs
Disqualifications (with EC)
Lays reports: CAG, SPSC, SFC
Promulgates ordinances: (Art. 213)

VIII. Financial Powers

Prior approval: Money Bill, Grants
State Budget presentation
Contingency Fund use
Constitutes: State Finance Commission (5 yrs)

IX. Judicial Powers

Consulted for HC judges
Appoints: District Judges (with HC), Lower judiciary (with HC + SPSC)
Pardon powers: under Art. 161 (State laws only, can’t pardon death or court martial)

X. Veto Powers

Ordinary Bill: Assent / Withhold / Return / Reserve for President
Money Bill: Assent / Withhold / Reserve only (Cannot return for reconsideration)

XI. Ordinance Power (Art. 213)

When legislature not in session
Valid: 6 weeks post reassembly
Only on CoM advice
Same effect as law
Subject to judicial review (44th CAA)

XII. Discretionary Powers

Constitutional: Reserve Bills, Recommend President’s Rule, Administer UT, Info from CM, Payments under 6th Schedule
Situational: Appoint CM (no majority), Dismiss CoM (lost majority), Dissolve Assembly

April, 2025:- Supreme Court Ruling on Tamil Nadu Governor

Governor's Delay: 10 Bills were kept pending without action.
Court Decision: Declared it unconstitutional; no "absolute veto" or "pocket veto" under Article 200.
Bills Now Laws: Court used Article 142 to pass the Bills without Governor’s assent.
New Deadlines for Governors:
- 1 month if reserving with advice.
- 3 months without advice.
- 1 month after reconsideration.
Warning: Court may intervene if deadlines are ignored.

Comments

Most Important Phrasal Verbs for SSC CGL & Other Competitive Exams

Most Important Phrasal Verbs for SSC CGL & Other Competitive Exams Important Phrasal Verbs for SSC CGL Exam Here’s a complete list of phrasal verbs frequently asked in SSC CGL exams. Memorize these to enhance your command over English vocabulary and grammar: Ask for – Request something Back up – Support or provide evidence Break down – Stop functioning or fail Break into – Enter by force (e.g., robbery) Bring about – Cause something to happen Bring up – Raise a topic or issue Call off – Cancel something Carry on – Continue doing something Check in – Register upon arrival Check out – Examine or leave Come across – Find by chance Come down with – Become ill Come up with – Think of an idea or plan Cut down on – Reduce in quantity Drop by – Visit briefly Drop out – Quit or leave before completion Fall apart – Break into pieces or fail emotionally Get across – Make someone understand Get ahead...

Class 11 NCERT Geography Chapter 1: Full Notes for UPSC & Competitive Exams

Geography: Meaning, Nature, Branches & Importance 1. Why Study Geography? We live on Earth — our environment affects us. Explains interactions between natural resources, human activities, and technology. Builds spatial awareness of "where" and "why" things happen. Uses maps, GIS, and tools to interpret Earth. Supports national development and sustainable planning. 2. What is Geography? Geo = Earth, Graphos = Description (Greek origin). Study of natural (mountains, rivers) and cultural (villages, cities) features. Explores the relationship between physical and human environments. 3. Geography as a Study of Space Focuses on spatial variation — differences across Earth’s surface. Analyzes cause-effect of these differences. Example: Cropping patterns vary due to soil, climate, technology, economy. 4. Nature and Human Interaction Primitive societies directly depended on nature. Modern societies use technol...

The President of India: Election, Powers, Functions & Role – Quick & Clear

President of India - Complete Notes The President of India is the constitutional head of the state, symbol of unity and integrity, and performs crucial executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and emergency functions. The President of India (Articles 52 to 78 – Part V: Union Executive) I. Position and Role Head of the Indian State Nominal executive (real power lies with PM & CoM) First citizen of India Symbol of unity, integrity & solidarity Only Dr. Rajendra Prasad served two terms II. Election of the President(Article 54) Method: Indirect Election via Electoral College Proportional representation system Single transferable vote , secret ballot Electoral College Includes: Elected MPs of Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha Elected MLAs of State Legislative Assemblies Elected MLAs of Delhi & Puducherry Excludes: Nominated members of LS, RS, and SLA Members of Legislative Councils Nominated MLAs o...

India’s Minerals & Metals 2024–25 Quick Notes For UPSC & Other Govt Exams

Minerals and Metals (2024–25) A. Metallic Minerals – Major Producing States Mineral Top Producing States Bauxite 1. Odisha – 74% 2. Gujarat – 9% 3. Jharkhand – 8% Chromite Odisha – 100% Copper 1. Madhya Pradesh – 69% 2. Rajasthan – 31% Primary Gold 1. Karnataka – 98% 2. Jharkhand – Remaining Iron Ore 1. Odisha – 55% 2. Karnataka – 16% 3. Chhattisgarh – 15% Lead & Zinc Rajasthan – 100% Manganese Ore 1. Maharashtra – 31% 2. Madhya Pradesh – 28% 3. Odisha – 17% Estimated Value (2024–25): ₹1,28,261 crore Growth: Increased by 0.13% over the previous year B. Non-Metallic Minerals – Major Producing States 1. Limestone Rajasthan – 23% Madhya Pradesh – 14% Andhra Pradesh – 13% Chhattisgarh – 11% Karnataka – 9% 2. Magnesite Tamil Nadu – 61% Uttarak...

Study Indepth

Search This Blog