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Showing posts with the label Modern History

Governors-General & Viceroys of India: Quick Revision for Competitive Exams

Governors-General & Viceroys of India: Quick Revision for Competitive Exams Governors-General & Viceroys of India This post provides a comprehensive list of Governors-General and Viceroys of India from 1773 to 1947, ideal for last-minute revision for UPSC, CAPF, SSC, CDS , and other competitive exams. Governor-Generals of Bengal (1773–1833) 1. Warren Hastings (1773–1785) First Governor-General of Bengal Regulating Act of 1773 Pitt's India Act of 1784 Rohilla War (1774): Rohillas were Defeated by Suja-ud-Daula First Maratha War (1775–82), Treaty of Salbai (1782) Second Mysore War (1780–84), Treaty of Mangalore Supreme Court established at Calcutta 2. Lord Cornwallis (1786–1793) Third Mysore War, Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) Cornwallis Code (1793) Permanent Settlement (1793) Reformed police and civil services 3. Sir John Shore (1793–1798) Battle of Khar...

Organizations Before the Indian National Congress: The Foundations of Indian Political Awakening

 The formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 marked a turning point in the Indian freedom struggle. However, the path leading to the INC was paved by a series of early political and social organizations that laid the groundwork for political consciousness, debate, and reform. These associations, founded across India and even in Britain, played a crucial role in uniting Indians and voicing their concerns against British policies. Here's a detailed look at key organizations that emerged before the INC, their founders, and their significance. 1. Bangabhasha Prakashika Sabha (1836) Location: Bengal Founder : Raja Ram Mohan Roy This was one of the earliest socio-political associations. It aimed to promote the Bengali language and create awareness about Indian issues. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a pioneer of Indian reformism, used this platform to voice rational thought and oppose colonial injustice. 2. Zamindari Association (1837) Location: Bengal Founder: Dwarkanath Tagore Als...