The Convectional Current Theory was proposed by Arthur Holmes in 1928 to explain the driving force behind continental movement and mountain building. According to this theory, convection currents operating within the Earth's mantle are responsible for the movement of continents, the formation of oceans, and the origin of fold mountains. MECHANISM OF THE THEORY → Convection currents are generated deep inside the mantle due to the radioactive decay of elements in rocks , causing very high temperatures. This leads to the development of convectional currents, which start rising upward . → When the convectional currents reach the crust, they diverge in different directions , stretching the crust and creating seas and oceans. The oceanic crust being thin, is easily broken; therefore, sea-floor spreading occurs.Holmes stated that this is how the Tethys Sea was formed between Pangaea and Gondwana . → According to Holmes, the crust in the equato...