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Major International Borders: Complete List, History & Significance Major International Borders 1. Durand Line Between: Pakistan and Afghanistan Established: 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand 2. McMahon Line Between: India and China Length: 1120 km Established: Drawn by Sir Henry McMahon at the Simla Convention, 1914; not accepted by China. 3. Radcliffe Line Between: India and Pakistan Established: 1947 by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, during the partition of ...

Vice-President of India – Elections, Powers, Facts | Super Easy Notes Vice-President of India Basic Article 63 : There shall be a Vice-President of India. 2nd highest office after the President. Based on the American system. Election Elected indirectly by MPs of Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha (elected + nominated). States legislative assemblies are not involved. Voting : Proportional Representation, Single transferable vote, Secret Ballot. Disputes settled by the Supreme Court . 4 VPs elected unopposed so far. Qualifications Indian citizen . ...

The Governor THE GOVERNOR I. Basic Info Articles: 153 to 167 (Part VI) Head of State: Constitutional/Nominal head Agent of Centre First Woman Governor: Sarojini Naidu (UP, 1947–49) II. Appointment & Tenure Appointed by: President (Central Nominee) Not elected (directly or indirectly) Model: Canadian (from GOI Act 1935) 7th Amendment: One person – multiple states Resignation: To President Term: 5 years (no fixed security) Holds office till successor arrives III. Qualifications Indian Citizen 35+ years Convention: Outsider + CM consulted (not always followed) IV. Oath & Office Oath by: Chief Justice of HC (or senior-most judge) No MP/MLA/Other Office of Profit V. Privileges & Immunity Salary decided by Parliament (not reduced) No criminal case/arrest 2-month civil case notice (personal act) Full immun...

President of India - Complete Notes The President of India is the constitutional head of the state, symbol of unity and integrity, and performs crucial executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and emergency functions. The President of India (Articles 52 to 78 – Part V: Union Executive) I. Position and Role Head of the Indian State Nominal executive (real power lies with PM & CoM) First citizen of India Symbol of unity, integrity & solidarity Only Dr. Rajendra Prasad served two terms II. Election of the President(Article 54) Method: Indirect Election via Electoral College Proportional representation system Single transferable vote , secret ballot Electoral College Includes: Elected MPs of Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha Elected MLAs of State Legislative Assemblies Elected MLAs of Delhi & Puducherry Excludes: Nominated members of LS, RS, and SLA Members of Legislative Councils Nominated MLAs o...

Here is a timeline of significant events in Indian history: 1904 : Indian Universities Act Passed 1905 : Partition of Bengal 1906 : Formation of the Muslim League 1907 : Surat Session, Split in Congress 1909 : Morley-Minto Reforms 1911 : Delhi Durbar for British Emperor 1916 : Formation of Home Rule League 1916 : Lucknow Pact between Congress and Muslim League 1917 : Gandhiji's Movement in Champaran 1919 : Rowlatt Act 1919 : Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 1919 : Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 1920 : Khilafat Movement 1920 : Non-Cooperation Movement 1922 : Chauri Chaura Incident 1927 : Appointment of Simon Commission 1928 : Arrival of Simon Commission in India 1929 : Bomb Explosion in Central Assembly by Bhagat Singh 1929 : Congress Demand for Complete Independence 1930 : Civil Disobedience Movement 1930 : First Round Table Conference 1931 : Second Round Table Conference 1932 : Third Round Table Conference 1932 : Declaration of Communal Electorate System 1932 : Poon...

Stay updated with the headquarters of important national and international organizations that have recently been in the news. This list is very useful for students preparing for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, Banking, Defence, and State-level exams. 🌐 International Organizations Organization Name Headquarters Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Rome, Italy Natural History Museum London, United Kingdom New Development Bank (NDB) Shanghai, China World Bank Washington, D.C., United States United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) New York, United States International Energy Agency (IEA) Paris, France International Energy Forum (IEF) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Vienna, Austria Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) Geneva, Switzerland World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Madrid, Spain World Trade Organization (WTO) Geneva, Switzerla...

India’s cultural identity is deeply rooted in its languages — not just spoken, but classical. These ancient tongues are time-tested vessels of history, literature, science, and spiritual knowledge. Recognizing their unparalleled significance, the Government of India has granted Classical Language status to 11 languages that have stood the test of time. What Are Classical Languages? According to the Ministry of Culture, a language is declared Classical when it meets four essential criteria: 1. High antiquity of its early texts (over 1500 years). 2. A rich and diverse ancient literature, unmatched by modern works. 3. An independent literary tradition, not borrowed from others. 4. A historical and cultural legacy that still influences society today. These languages aren’t just old — they’re immortal. " TaSTe KaMaO " = The first 6 languages " MBAP² " = The 5 languages added in 2024 Mnemonic: “TaSTe KaMaO MBAP²” Letter Language Year Dec...